Documentation Portal
Project Home
  • Core Documentation
    • Overview
    • Whitepaper
      • Abstract
      • I. Introduction
      • II. Protocol
        • II.I Operation
          • II.I.I Generation of M
          • II.I.II Protocol Fees
          • II.I.III Cancel and Freeze
          • II.I.IV Retrieving Free Collateral
          • II.I.V The Earn Mechanism
          • II.I.VI Removing a Permissioned Actor
          • II.I.VII Example Interactions and Flows
        • II.II Governance Controlled Protocol Actors
        • II.III Governance Controlled Protocol Parameters
      • III. Governance
        • III.I Inputs
        • III.II Operation
          • III.II.I Epochs
          • III.II.II Proposals
            • III.II.II.I Standard Proposals
            • III.II.II.II POWER Threshold Proposals
            • III.II.II.III ZERO Threshold Proposals
            • III.II.II.IV Proposal Matrix
          • III.II.III Checkpoints and Voting
          • III.II.IV Proposing
          • III.II.V Inflation Mechanics
          • III.II.VI Dutch Auction
          • III.II.VII Delegation
          • III.II.VIII ZERO Claiming of Residual Value
        • III.III Governance Controlled TTG Parameters
        • III.IV Immutable TTG Parameters
        • III.V Immutable POWER Parameters
        • III.VI Immutable ZERO Parameters
      • IV. The M0 Economy
        • IV.I Minters
        • IV.II Validators
        • IV.III Earners
      • V. Off-Chain Ecosystem
        • V.I Guidance
        • V.II Off-Chain Actors and Components
    • Adopted Guidance
      • Adopted Guidance v1.30
        • 1. Description of the Adopted Guidance
          • 1.1. Purpose of the Adopted Guidance
          • 1.2. Change Process for the Adopted Guidance
        • 2. Ecosystem Description
          • 2.1. Actors
          • 2.2. Mandatory Contracts
          • 2.3. Duty of Transparency
          • 2.4. Core Operational Flows
            • 2.4.1. Update Collateral Process
            • 2.4.2. Minting M
            • 2.4.3. Retrieval of Collateral
          • 2.5. High-Risk Jurisdictions
        • 3. Eligible Collateral
          • 3.1. Criteria for Eligible Collateral
          • 3.2. Valuation Policy for Eligible Collateral
          • 3.3. Collateral Storage
          • 3.4. Approved Jurisdictions
            • 3.4.1. Bankruptcy Remoteness
            • 3.4.2. Non-Petition and Non-Seizure Provisions
            • 3.4.3. Priority of Payments and Subordination
            • 3.4.4. Regulatory Compliance
            • 3.4.5. Legal and Regulatory Framework
            • 3.4.6. Political Stability
            • 3.4.7. Dispute Resolution
            • 3.4.8. Asset Segregation
            • 3.4.9. Limited Recourse
            • 3.4.10. Investor Protection
            • 3.4.11. Operational Infrastructure
            • 3.4.12. Custody Relationship
            • 3.4.13. Audit
        • 4. SPV Operators
          • 4.1. Contact Information of Currently Approved SPV Operators
          • 4.2. Eligibility Criteria for Approved SPV Operators
          • 4.3. Obligations of SPV Operators
            • 4.3.1. Obligations in the Normal Course of Business
            • 4.3.2. Obligations Outside of the Normal Course of Business
              • 4.3.2.1. Amicable Wind Down Process
              • 4.3.2.2. Non-Amicable Wind Down Process
              • 4.3.2.3. Minter Insolvency
              • 4.3.2.4. Unauthorized Termination of Minter – SPV Operator Agreement
            • 4.3.3. Operational Obligations of SPV Operators
              • 4.3.3.1. Co-signature of the SPV for significant payments
              • 4.3.3.2. Cooperation with Validators
              • 4.3.3.3. Maintenance of Administrative Buffer
              • 4.3.3.4. No Wire Back Instructions
          • 4.4. Guidelines for Submission of Approval Requests
        • 5. Validators
          • 5.1. Contact Information of Currently Permissioned Validators
          • 5.2. Eligibility Criteria for Permissioned Validators
          • 5.3. Obligations of Validators
          • 5.4. Guidelines for Submission of Permissioning Requests
        • 6. BD Minters and Minters
          • 6.1. Contact Information of Currently Permissioned Minters
          • 6.2. Eligibility Criteria for Permissioned Minters
          • 6.3. Obligations of Minters
          • 6.4. BD Minter and Minter Compliance Requirements
          • 6.5. Guidelines for Submission of Permissioning Requests
        • Adopted Guidance PDF Version
      • Adopted Guidance v1.20 (deprecated)
        • Adopted Guidance PDF Version
    • Glossary
    • Disclosures
    • Whitepaper PDF Version
  • Technical Documentation
    • Protocol Technical Specification
      • Main Invariants
      • Variables
        • Protocol Variables Controlled by TTG
        • Protocol Variables And Definitions
        • Protocol Variables Used For Interest Accruals
      • Protocol And M Token Actors And Actions
        • Protocol Core Functions
          • Minter Gateway
            • updateCollateral
            • proposeMint
            • mintM
            • cancelMint
            • freezeMinter
            • burnM
            • proposeRetrieval
            • activateMinter
            • deactivateMinter
          • M Token
            • startEarning
            • stopEarning
            • transfer
          • Interest Calculations And Indices
            • MinterGateway.updateIndex
            • MinterGateway.currentIndex
            • MToken.updateIndex
            • MToken.currentIndex
            • activeOwedM
          • Interest Rate Models
            • Stable Earner Interest Rate Model Contract
            • Minter Interest Rate Model Contract
    • TTG Technical Specification
      • Main Invariants
      • Core Architecture
        • 1. Registrar
          • Registrar Variables and Getters
          • Registrar Core Functions
        • 2. TTG Governors
          • Matrix Of TTG Proposals
          • 2.1 Standard Governor
            • Variables And Getters
            • Governor Proposal State Transitions
            • Core Functions
            • Core Governance Proposals
          • 2.2 Emergency Governor
            • Emergency Governor Variables And Getters
            • Governor Proposal State Transitions
            • Core functions
              • propose(targets[], values[], callDatas[], description): proposalId
              • castVote(proposalId, support): weight
              • castVotes(proposalIds[], supports): weight
              • execute(targets[], values[], callDatas[], description): proposalId
              • setThresholdRatio(newThresholdRatio)
              • getProposal(proposalId)
              • state(proposalId)
            • Core Governance Proposals
          • 2.3 ZERO Governor
            • Variables And Getters
            • Core Functions
            • Core Governance Proposals
        • 3. POWER Token
          • Variables And Getters
          • POWER Token Core Functions
        • 4. ZERO Token
          • ZERO Token Core Functions
        • 5. Distribution Vault
          • Variables And Getters
          • Core Functions
    • Source Code Reference
      • Protocol
        • Protocol Contracts
          • Core Protocol Contracts
            • MToken
            • MinterGateway
          • Abstract Protocol Contracts
            • ContinuousIndexing
          • Protocol Interfaces
            • IContinuousIndexing
            • IMToken
            • IMinterGateway
            • IRateModel
            • ITTGRegistrar
          • Libs
            • ContinuousIndexingMath
            • TTGRegistrarReader
          • Rate Models
            • Contracts
              • EarnerRateModel
              • MinterRateModel
            • Interfaces
              • IEarnerRateModel
              • IMinterRateModel
      • TTG
        • TTG Contracts
          • Core TTG Contracts
            • DistributionVault
            • Registrar
            • Governors
              • EmergencyGovernor
              • StandardGovernor
              • ZeroGovernor
            • Tokens
              • PowerBootstrapToken
              • PowerToken
              • ZeroToken
          • Abstract TTG Contracts
            • ERC5805
            • Governors
              • BatchGovernor
              • ThresholdGovernor
            • Tokens
              • EpochBasedInflationaryVoteToken
              • EpochBasedVoteToken
            • Interfaces
              • IBatchGovernor
              • IERC5805
              • IERC6372
              • IEpochBasedInflationaryVoteToken
              • IEpochBasedVoteToken
              • IGovernor
              • IThresholdGovernor
          • Deployers
            • EmergencyGovernorDeployer
            • PowerTokenDeployer
            • StandardGovernorDeployer
          • TTG Interfaces
            • IDistributionVault
            • IRegistrar
            • Deployers
              • IDeployer
              • IEmergencyGovernorDeployer
              • IPowerTokenDeployer
              • IStandardGovernorDeployer
            • Governors
              • IEmergencyGovernor
              • IStandardGovernor
              • IZeroGovernor
            • Tokens
              • IPowerBootstrapToken
              • IPowerToken
              • IZeroToken
          • Libs
            • PureEpochs
      • Common
        • Contracts
          • Main
            • ContractHelper
            • ERC20Extended
            • ERC3009
            • ERC712Extended
            • StatefulERC712
          • Interfaces
            • IERC1271
            • IERC20
            • IERC20Extended
            • IERC3009
            • IERC712
            • IERC712Extended
            • IStatefulERC712
          • Libs
            • SignatureChecker
            • UIntMath
    • 🏁Audits
    • 🔛Deployments
Powered by GitBook

M0 Project

  • Home
  • Research

Legal

  • Terms & Conditions
  • Privacy Policy

Copyright 2025 M0 Foundation

On this page
  1. Core Documentation
  2. Whitepaper
  3. IV. The M0 Economy

IV.II Validators

What are Validators in the context of M0?

PreviousIV.I MintersNextIV.III Earners

Last updated 1 month ago

Economically, all Validators must be incentivized off-chain or use periphery smart contracts. There is no Validator compensation in the core protocol. This decision was made because the Validator landscape is complex and the chance of accurately encapsulating these complex economic arrangements on-chain was nil.

For the basic function of providing signatures for Update Collateral, it is expected that Validators and Minters will enter into binding, off-chain legal agreements specifying applicable terms and appropriate compensation. It is anticipated that Validators in the M0 protocol will eventually correspond to auditors off-chain. The ultimate function of the Validator is to provide as close to real time attestation of the being used to generate $M as possible.

While the protocol considers all Validator addresses to be fungible, there are in fact many specializations that could occur off-chain in the Validator ecosystem. For instance, there may be Validators that specialize in signing off on on-chain Collateral Value updates, while others act as “sentinels” and exclusively exist to call Cancel and Freeze on errant Minters. The level of specialization could even go beyond the initial methods of the protocol as periphery contracts are added by the ecosystem.

Eligible Collateral